Federal News
USTR Launches Section 301 Trade Investigations
March 14, 2026
The U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) has initiated extensive Section 301 investigations under the Trade Act of 1974 targeting unfair trade practices including industrial overcapacity and the importation of goods produced with forced labor. These investigations cover major trading partners such as China, India, Mexico, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, and the European Union, among others. Hearings are scheduled for April 28, 2026, to assess whether foreign governments have failed to enforce bans on forced labor imports or have engaged in discriminatory trade practices harming U.S. commerce. Concurrently, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is advancing a refund process for invalidated tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), with a claims portal nearing completion.
- Why this matters: Procurement professionals should anticipate potential new tariffs or trade restrictions affecting supply chains involving targeted countries, impacting sourcing strategies and contract pricing.
- The investigations signal increased enforcement scrutiny on imports linked to forced labor and excess manufacturing capacity, which may lead to revised compliance requirements for contractors and suppliers.
- Organizations engaged in international trade with the U.S. government should prepare for possible adjustments in tariff classifications and customs procedures following investigation outcomes.
- The scheduled hearings and ongoing tariff refund process indicate active regulatory developments that could affect contract terms and procurement risk assessments in the near term.
Despite the international consensus against forced labor, governments have failed to impose and effectively enforce measures banning goods produced with forced labor from entering their markets. For too long, American workers and firms have been forced to compete against foreign producers who may have an artificial cost advantage gained from the scourge of forced labor.
— Ambassador Greer
The USTR is assessing not only the presence of forced labor in supply chains, but also foreign governments regulatory responses as a trade issue actionable under U.S. law.
— Laura Siegel Rabinowitz
The USW welcomes the USTRs investigations into global overcapacity and forced labor, two issues on which our union has long fought as we seek to preserve workers rights and restore fair trade.
— Roxanne Brown, United Steelworkers International President
Agencies
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, United States Government, United States Trade Representative, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Court of International Trade
Locations
Sources
- Trump Announces New Tariff Investigations Into Alleged Unfair Trade Practices - WSJ · WSJ · Mar 11
- American Workers, Farmers, and Manufacturers Applaud USTR-Launched Section 301 Investigations | United States Trade Representative · USTR · Mar 14
- USTR Initiates 60 Section 301 Investigations Relating to Failures to Take Action on Forced Labor | United States Trade Representative · USTR · Mar 13
- IEEPA Refund Progress and Sweeping New Section 301 Probes · The National Law Review · Mar 13